Construction of cyclobutane-fused tetracyclic skeletons via substrate-dependent EnT-enabled dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition of benzofurans (benzothiophenes)/maleimides.

Herein, a novel and facile organic photosensitizer (thioxanthone)-mediated energy-transfer-enabled (EnT-enabled) dearomative [2+2] cycloaddition of aromatic heterocycles/maleimides for green synthesis of cyclobutane-fused polycyclic skeletons is reported. Mechanistic investigations revealed that different EnT pathways by triplet thioxanthone were initiated when different aromatic heterocycles participated in the reaction, giving the corresponding excited intermediates, which underwent the subsequent intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition to access the desired highly functionalized cyclobutane-fused polycyclic skeletons.

Photomediated Hydro(deutero)acylation of Olefins by Decarboxylative Addition of α-Oxocarboxylic Acids.

Acyl radicals have been generated from the decarboxylation of α-oxocarboxylic acids by using a readily accessible organic pyrimidopteridine photoredox catalyst under ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light irradiation. These reactive acyl radicals were smoothly added to olefins such as styrenes and diverse Michael acceptors, with the assistance of H2O/D2O as hydrogen donors, enabling easy access to a diverse range of ketones/ß-deuterio ketones. A wide range of α-oxocarboxylic acids are compatible with this reaction, which shows a reliable, atom-economical, and eco-friendly protocol. Furthermore, postsynthetic diversifications and applications are presented.

Advances in gut microbiomes and immunology of IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases / 中华肝脏病杂志

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition associated with chronic fibroinflammatory lesions that can affect nearly any organ. IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases are IgG4-RD involving the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system, which is characterized with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations, large numbers of IgG4 positive lymphoplasma cells infiltration in affected organs, storiform fibrosis, and imaging changes of organ morphology. Due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, histopathology is still an important basis for diagnosis. The pathogenesis of IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases has not been clarified. This review focuses on the recent advances in intestinal microecology-immunology, host genetics-immunity and recurrence monitoring of IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.

Enhanced Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Properties of Ag/BiPbO2Cl Nanosheet Composites.

Ag/BiPbO2Cl nanosheet composites were successfully prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and photo-reduction. The morphology, microstructure, and optical properties of the as-prepared Ag/BiPbO2Cl nanosheet composites were characterized using TEM, XRD, and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The prepared Ag/BiPbO2Cl nanosheet composites with 0.5 wt% Ag exhibit favorable photocatalytic activity, which is 3.6 times that of BiPbO2Cl nanosheet. The enhanced photocatalytic properties can be attributed to the inner electromagnetic field, higher visible light response range, excellent conductivity, and lower Fermi level of Ag.

Investigation of intestinal bacterial translocation in 78 patients with cirrhosis after liver transplantation / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of bacterial translocation (BT) in patients with cirrhosis after liver transplantation and analyze the effect of BT on bacterial infection after the surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), portal vein blood, and peripheral blood were collected during the liver transplantation for microbiological culture from 78 patients with cirrhosis. And meanwhile, all related clinical data were analyzed to investigate the risk factors of BT and its relationship with post-liver transplantation infections.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BT was occurred in 8 of 78 cirrhotic patients (10.3%) and positive-rate of MLN culture was 5/8. Gram-negative aerobic bacillus was the main causative bacterium of BT (5/9), followed by Gram-positive aerobic enterococcus (22.2%, 2/9). Total bilirubin level in patients with BT was significantly higher than that in patients without BT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It suggests that hyperbilirubinemia is the only risk factor for BT, and BT is associated with an increased infectious rate after liver transplantation.</p>

Dynamic variability of intestinal flora and endotoxin in rat with fulminate hepatic failure / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dynamic variability of intestinal flora and endotoxins in rats with fulminate hepatic failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Establishing the fulminate hepatic failure models by intraperitoneal injection of Galactosamine. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group A (n=10) were killed at the beginning of the experiment as control; while Group B (n=12) and C (n=18), the fulminate hepatic failure models, were killed 24 and 48 hours respectively after successful induction. Then, the contents of the jejunum, ileum and colon descendents were collected and a quantitative analysis was made about intestinal flora. Meanwhile, the concentrations of endotoxin in portal vein and right ventricle were determined and so were those in contents of ileums and colons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Our experiments showed that the livers of rats in group B were injured most seriously among three groups, and a minor recovery of hepatic function was observed in group C with the decrease of total bile acids (P< 0.05). Analysis on intestinal flora show: the intestinal enterobacteriacea increase and the lactobacillus decrease in group B (P< 0.01 in jejunum and ileum and P<0.05 in colon). The comparisons between group C and B showed that the enterobacteriacea in the former decreased in both jejunum and colon (P< 0.05) while the number of lactobacillus recovered in the jejunum of group C (P<0.05). Quantitative analysis on endotoxins showed that the ileum endotoxin increased in group B (P< 0.05) and in group C, endotoxins in ileum and colons also increased (vs. control, P<0.01); portal endotoxin in group B showed higher level than that in group A and C (P< 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The alteration of intestinal flora was observed in fulminate hepatic failure rats. Abnormal intestinal flora might lead to incline of endotoxin in ileum, colon and portal vein, while the recovery of normal intestinal flora would decrease the level of portal endotoxin.</p>

A comparison of four methods for extraction of human fecal DNA by using real time PCR / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the relative efficacy and quality of extraction of human fecal DNA using four methods.Methods Real-time PCR were utilized for analysis both quantification and quality of the fecal targeted bacteria(including gut all eubaeterium,Bacteriodes-PrevoteUa group,Bifidobacterium spp Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp)by using 16s rRNA gene-targeted genus or group-specific primer sets.Results The negative rat of PCR product from method 3(phenol-chloroform plus bead-beating) was about 40%(4/10)by using universal primers,the PCR inhibition disappeared after fecal DNA purified with column.The total fecal 16s rRNA gene copy numbers(per gram of wet weight of feces)as well as the numbers of Bacteriodes-Prevotella group from method 1(QIAamp~DNA stool mini kit)and 4(QIAamp~ DNA stool mini kit combined with bead-beating)was higher significantly than that from method 2(FastDNA ~Kit,Biol01)and 3(P